Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
International Symposium, “Global Migration Phenomenon”, Ankara, Türkiye, 08 Ekim 2021, ss.92-94, (Özet Bildiri)
Although the issue of global and regional migration has continued to exist throughout history, this problem has reached much larger dimensions today. Undoubtedly, the phenomenon of mass migration brings with its economic, social and cultural problems that no country in the world can cope with alone. The most basic motivation for migration is determined by the needs of survival, security, and peace that come from the priority of human requirements. In this respect, rich and developed societies create an area of attraction for immigrants. After the Second World War, individual and limited number of immigration and refugee issues have been secured by international law and UN conventions on the basis of human rights. It is considered that the gravity center of the symposium is not such an individual and limited migration events. The problem stems from the mass migration which numbered in the hundreds of thousands or millions. It is a known fact that not all states constituting the international community are not in the same position regarding mass migration. Turkey, which is a bridge between problematic regions such as the Middle East, Asia and Africa that are the main source of migration and the developed European countries which we refer to as attracting zone, is one of the most unfortunate countries in this respect. Countries that are geographically far from this fire do nothing but are in a hurry to close their doors tightly and they are only watching the situation with concern. According to UN data, Turkey is the country hosting the highest number of immigrants in the world. According to 2019 data; total 6.7 million foreigners in Turkey, make up 8.2% of its population. In terms of the scope of the symposium, the following points should be underlined: Not only the states that make up the international community, but also intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations and NGO's should work together with determination on this issue. All the measures to be taken by the host country in terms of aid and support to immigrants and foreigners under temporary protection are explained in the domestic laws, regulations and directives which adopted in parallel with the international law and conventions to which Turkey is a party. It is considered that these issues do not need to be emphasized in an academic environment again. Turkey, which is trying to cope with its global and structural economic problems, is overwhelmed by a migration pressure that is too great to digest. It is necessary to take urgent measures to overcome this problem, which is causing increasing economic, social and cultural problems. It is a natural consequence of the sovereign right of every state to keep its country safe by protecting its borders. However, there is an obligation to fulfill the responsibilities arising from international cannot use force against these people, and it is almost impossible to physically stop such a mass group everywhere at the border. It is a legal reality that Turkey does not accept people from Syria and other countries as refugees within the framework of international agreements. According to Law No. 6458, these people are the foreigners who are under the "Temporary Protection". It is unnecessary to discuss how to integrate them into society, based on the assumption that they will remain forever in Turkey. It is envisaged that these people who are under temporary protection status, will benefit from temporary and limited opportunities in the country. No state can afford to provide the international refugee rights to a population of such a huge number. Naturally, these people who do not have immigrant status are not under the obligation to be integrated into society in the country they come. Because it is accepted that these people aim to return to their own countries after a temporary period. However, it is not correct to approach this issue only with security discourse, and it should be revealed what can be done within the scope of possibilities, taking into account the human right dimensions. It is not possible to say that the international community is very helpful for our country, which is left alone with this problem. Experiences so far have shown us that; other Europian states do not want to share fairly Turkey's huge burden continuing over ten years. It is a fact that Turkey which has found the problem unwillingly in its arms due to its geographical location, does not have too much time and options to solve. Considering the fact that other states will never accept these people as refugees in their countries, there is only one solution left to this problem. Favorable conditions should be created in Syria together with the international community, in this way these people should be safely returned to their own countries. Otherwise, it will be quite possible for Turkey to become a Middle East country like Lebanon.