Research Information System
Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, vol.16, no.5, pp.6155-6167, 2018 (SCI-Expanded)
The alterations in F. graminearum due to tetraconazole (TCZ) have been investigated in this study. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and inhibitory concentrations 50% and 25% (IC50 and IC25) were obtained by adding different concentrations of TCZ to potato dextrose agar (PDA). MIC, IC50 and IC25 values were detected as 32, 16 and 8 µg/mL TCZ. Epigenetic changes have been evaluated via genomic template stability (GTS) by the RAPD and CRED-RA methods. GTS values were recorded as 86.73% and 85.71% in IC50 and IC25 sets. A total of 157 bands were obtained via RAPD. The average % polymorphism values of HapII and MspI digested samples were detected as 5.72 and 5.37 with 4.68 and 2.6% for IC25 and IC50 groups, respectively. The expression levels of genes related to apoptosis (Hog1), cell stability (Mgv1), oxidative stress (POD) and deoxynivalenol production (tri5) in the control and the experiment sets were investigated by qPCR. Increased concentrations of TCZ lead to upregulation in Hog1, Mgv1 and POD genes whereas down regulation was recorded in tri5 expression. The late apoptosis and oxidative stress were detected via the acridine orange-ethidium bromide (AoEb) and the DCF-DA staining assays. The findings showed that TCZ could lead to damage on phytopathogenic fungi at genomic, epigenetics, transcriptomics and apoptotic levels.