Akademik Veri Yönetim Sistemi
ORTA ASYA ÇALIŞMALARI III ULUSLARARASI HİBRİT SEMPOZYUMU KAFKASYA'DA MİMARLIK VE KORUMA TARİHİ, İstanbul, Türkiye, 08 Mayıs 2024, cilt.1, sa.78, ss.322-337, (Tam Metin Bildiri)
Summary
The development of Turkic Mosque architecture began
with the Great Seljuk’s in Iran, who absorbed the features of religious
buildings that had previously developed in Turkic architecture. During this
time, types of mosques with four balconies, courtyards, and a qubba (dome) in front of the mihrab appeared throughout Iran.
The Masjed-e Jāmé of Isfahan,
built on the foundations of a brick mosque during the Abbasid period, is the
earliest mosque with two minarets. According to the inscriptions, the dome of
the large mihrab of the mosque and the small domed space in front of it were built
during the time of Melikshah, and the courtyard with four balconies and porches
was also built during the Seljuk period. Although the first construction of the
Masjid-i Juma in Ardistan and the Masjid-i Juma in Zevwar began earlier, the
construction of the mosque around a rectangular courtyard, the four balconies
overlooking this courtyard, and the dome located in front of the mihrab bear
features of Seljuk architecture.
In the Golpayegan
Juma Mosque and Damghan Juma Mosque, only minor parts with a dome and mihrab
and the remains of minarets of the Seljuk period have survived from the Seljuk
period. The cylindrical body of the minarets of this structure, one of the
first interesting Seljuk porcelain minarets, is decorated with geometric
patterns. The Barsiyan Juma Mosque consists of a domed room and a minaret. The
outer walls of this structure, built entirely of brick, were constructed quite
simply. The Qazvin Juma Mosque, built on the remains of a fire temple from the
Sasanian period, was supplemented during the Seljuk period with two balconies
on the north side, resulting in four balconies in the building plan. The large
dome with a diameter of 14 meters in front of the mihrab also dates back to the
Seljuk period.
The characteristics of the
Great Seljuk mosques of Iran are the presence of four balconies, an inner
courtyard, a dome in front of the mihrab, and minarets with narrow long
cylindrical bodies. The construction material of the walls and domes of these
mosques consisted of tightly built bricks. Their slightly pointed,
trumpet-shaped domes were unadorned, simple cubic massifs. The combination of
dome and balconies in mosque architecture is observed in Iran during the Seljuk
period.
Keywords: dome, Jāmeh Mosque, Seljuk architecture, mihrab,
Juma Mosque, minaret